Providing your drive train is healthy (serviced) i see no reason why an increased speed will cause you any problems. As far as gears and bearings go, as long as they are lubricated correctly, no worries. Your uni joints will also be fine provided they are in serviceable condition and you haven't changed the angle on them (as in lifting the truck etc….) The drive drain will obviously have its limitations to the torque it can handle so id think a 60 series detroit might be a bit big, but also saying that, it does come down to how you drive it. For example, a young hoon doing burnouts everywhere will destroy the same car as a sensible driver could drive for ever with no problems. So having said that, being sensible about it, there is a wide variety of choices to pic. As i said before, a rough budget would be good to start with then go from there.
So either way, you will need to chose if you want a diesel, turbo diesel or petrol engine. Then gearbox….. use the original, or change to a newer manual or even go auto….. Having a remote transfer case really gives you ease of fitting anything.